Hepatitis

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Hepatitis

Hepatitis is a medical condition that causes inflammation of the liver. The liver is a vital organ responsible for filtering toxins from the blood, producing bile to help digest food, and storing vitamins and minerals. When the liver is inflamed, it can't function properly and may become damaged over time.




There are several types of hepatitis, including hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. The most common forms of hepatitis in the United States are hepatitis A, B, and C.


Hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV) and is usually transmitted through contaminated food or water. Symptoms of hepatitis A include fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, and yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice). Hepatitis A can be prevented with a vaccine.


Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and can be transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids, such as through unprotected sex or sharing needles. Symptoms of hepatitis B can range from mild to severe and may not appear for several months after exposure. Chronic hepatitis B can lead to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and death. There is a vaccine available to prevent hepatitis B.




Hepatitis C is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) and is most commonly transmitted through contact with infected blood, such as sharing needles. Symptoms of hepatitis C can be mild and may not appear for years after exposure. If left untreated, hepatitis C can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. There is a cure for hepatitis C with a combination of antiviral medications.


Hepatitis D and E are less common and can only infect people who are already infected with hepatitis B.


Diagnosis of hepatitis is typically made through blood tests to detect the presence of the virus and to evaluate liver function. Treatment for hepatitis depends on the type and severity of the illness, but may include antiviral medications, interferon therapy, or a liver transplant.



To reduce your risk of getting hepatitis, you can take the following steps:


Get vaccinated for hepatitis A and B

Avoid unprotected sex and don't share needles

Wash your hands frequently, especially after using the bathroom

Be careful when traveling to areas with contaminated water and food

Don't consume raw or undercooked shellfish

Avoid alcohol and drugs, which can damage the liver

Hepatitis can be a serious illness, but with proper treatment and precautions, it can be managed and even cured. If you think you may have been exposed to hepatitis, it's important to get tested and seek medical attention right away.

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